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Euthyphro (prophet)
Euthyphro of Prospalta (; Greek: Εὑθύφρων Προσπάλτιος, ''Euthύphrōn Prospáltios''; fl. 400 BCE) was an ancient Athenian religious prophet (''mantis'') best known for his role in his eponymous dialogue written by the philosopher Plato. The debate between Euthyphro and Socrates therein influenced generations of theologians and gave rise to the question of the relationship between God and morality known as the Euthyphro dilemma.
==Life==
Euthyphro's biography can only be reconstructed through the details revealed by Plato in the ''Euthyphro'' and ''Cratylus'', as no further contemporaneous sources exist.〔Debra Nails, ''The people of Plato: a prosopography of Plato and other Socratics''. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2002; pg. 152.〕 While the dramatic date of the former may be definitively set at 399 BCE,〔 the latter is uncertain, argued alternately as 422〔 and 399;〔John Sallis, ''Being and Logos'', University of Indiana Press, 1997; pg. 230.〕 this makes gauging Euthyphro's period of activity difficult, but the former dating paradigm suggests that he may have been a long-lived figure in Athens. He was an Athenian citizen of the Prospalta deme old enough to have appeared multiple times before the Athenian assembly in 399, placing his birth somewhere in the mid-5th century.〔 Euthyphro had evidently farmed on Naxos,〔Plato, ''Euthyphro'', 4c〕 probably as part of the ''cleruchy'' established by Pericles in 447 to which his father may have belonged.〔 If in fact historical, the trial he instigated against his father depicted in the ''Euthyphro'' may have begun as early as 404.〔John Burnet, ''Plato's ''Euthyphro, Apology'' and ''Crito. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924〕
Euthyphro's status as a "mantic" seer is supported by both texts. Although Socrates seems to treat this faculty with ironic disdain, he never criticizes it openly.〔 Both dialogues attest to Euthyphro's particular interest in father-gods such as Uranus, Cronus and Zeus,〔〔Plato, ''Cratylus'', 396b〕〔Plato, ''Euthyphro'', 5e〕 and Socrates accredits Euthphyro with igniting deep inspiration during the etymological exercise he embarks upon in the ''Cratylus''.
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